Superconductivity Due to Condensation of Embedded Monopoles

Exploring the role of quark monopoles (i.e. embedded monopoles) in restoration of chiral symmetry in SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories, It has been demonstrated that these quark-monopoles (embedded monopoles) are tightly related to the chiral symmetry restoration and the resulting superconductivity in QCD. The SU(3) embedded monopoles have been classified into two categories according to maximal and minimal symmetry breakings respectively and it has been shown that in the case of QCD we can realize both these patterns of symmetry breaking simultaneously. It has also been shown that due to the role of embedded monopoles in chiral symmetry restoration and the fact that the chiral symmetry and confinement phenomenon are intimately related in QCD, the embedded monopoles play an important role in confining properties including superconductivity (rather color superconductivity).

Keywords: Embedded monopoles; Chiral symmetry; Gauge theories; Confinement; Condensation; Super symmetry.